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Martian Weathering by Wind and Sand



This image shows the rock called "Souffle".
Click on image for full size version (40K GIF)
Image from: NASA/JPL

Dried debris left after a flood is "wind mobile" and can be lifted into the air by winds. The general process by which this occurs is called "saltation". Saltation is the primary form of abrasion and erosion of the Martian surface. Saltation is carried to an extreme during the frequent Martian global dust storms.

Features found in and near the rocks by the Mars Pathfinder lander provide evidence for both sandblasting and saltation on the Martian surface. The rock shown here, dubbed "Souffle", is surrounded by wind drifts as well as showing evidence of ventifact formation by sand erosion.

The efficacy of particles for abrasion depends upon the particles'

  • availability
  • size
  • trajectory
On Mars the winds accelerate to higher speeds than on Earth so that the sand grains are accelerated to higher speeds as well, and for a greater length of time. (This leads to a different angle of impact of sand grains on rocks and affects the gouging and chipping power of sandblasting winds). Because of Mars' lower gravity, the winds can more easily lift and carry sand particles. But the lower atmospheric pressure of Mars makes it harder for the winds to move sand particles. This makes the erosion of Martian rock a little different than on Earth.


Return to the Exploration of Mars

Mars Pathfinder Image Archive


Martian Weathering by Wind and Sand



This image shows the rock called "Souffle".
Click on image for full size version (40K GIF)
Image from: NASA/JPL

Dried debris left after a flood is "wind mobile" and can be lifted into the air by winds. The general process by which this occurs is called "saltation". Saltation is the primary form of abrasion and erosion of the Martian surface. Saltation is carried to an extreme during the frequent Martian global dust storms.

Features found in and near the rocks by the Mars Pathfinder lander provide evidence for both sandblasting and saltation on the Martian surface. The rock shown here, dubbed "Souffle", is surrounded by wind drifts as well as showing evidence of pits and holes formed in the rock by sand erosion.

The power of particles for abrasive action depends upon how many particles are available, their size, and the angle of attack. On Mars the winds accelerate to higher speeds than on Earth so that the sand grains are accelerated to higher speeds as well, and for a greater length of time. This leads to a different angle of impact of sand grains on rocks and affects the gouging and chipping power of sandblasting winds. This makes the erosion of Martian rock a little different than on Earth.


Return to the Exploration of Mars

Mars Pathfinder Image Archive


Martian Weathering by Wind and Sand



This image shows the rock called "Souffle".
Click on image for full size version (40K GIF)
Image from: NASA/JPL

Sand is lifted and carried into the air by winds. The general process by which this occurs is called "saltation". Saltation becomes very powerful during the frequent Martian global dust storms. The rock shown here, called "Souffle", shows many pits and holes formed in the rock by sand erosion.

The ability of particles to erode rock depends upon how many particles are available, their size, and the angle of attack. On Mars, the winds can be faster than on Earth, so the winds can more easily lift and carry sand particles. This makes the erosion of Martian rock a little different than on Earth.


Return to the Exploration of Mars

Mars Pathfinder Image Archive




Last modified February 15, 1998 by the Windows Team

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