Dropsondes carry instruments that measure temperature, humidity, air pressure, and wind speed. They are dropped on small parachutes from aircraft. Image courtesy of UCAR.

Scientists use a broad array of instruments during the VOCALS field campaign to measure various aspects of the atmosphere and the oceans. These sensors are carried on aircraft and ships, orbit overhead aboard satellites, and are stationed on buoys in the ocean.

Radar is used to determine wind speed, to detect rainfall, and to determine the sizes of water droplets in clouds and drizzle. LIDAR, which is similar to radar but uses laser light instead of radio waves, detects and measures aerosol particles and the boundaries of clouds.

Radiosondes and dropsondes are instrument packages carried aloft on balloons or dropped on parachutes from aircraft. They include instruments for measuring pressure, altitude, temperature, humidity, and wind speed and direction.

Various cameras and imaging systems on aircraft and satellites take "pictures" in visible and infrared wavelengths, of clouds and the sea surface. Radiometers measure the amount of sunlight reflected from cloud tops, infrared radiation emitted at various levels in clouds and the atmosphere, and the degree to which clouds are transparent or opaque. Spectrometers detect various chemicals in the atmosphere and in aerosols, including particles that serve as cloud condensation nuclei.

A ship-towed sensor platform carries various instruments that measure temperature, salinity, pressure, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll content in the ocean. A special kind of sonar collects data on the velocity and direction of ocean currents.

Dropsondes carry instruments that measure temperature, humidity, air pressure, and wind speed. They are dropped on small parachutes from airplanes. Image courtesy of UCAR.

Scientists use lots of instruments during the VOCALS field campaign. The instruments collect data about the atmosphere and the ocean. Some of the instruments are on satellites or airplanes. Other instruments are on ships or buoys in the ocean.

Radar is used to measure wind speed and to spot rainfall. It can also measure the sizes of water droplets in clouds and drizzle. LIDAR is like radar but uses laser light instead of radio waves. LIDAR measures aerosol particles and the "edges" of clouds.

Radiosondes and dropsondes are lifted into the sky on balloons or dropped on parachutes from aircraft. They carry instruments for measuring pressure, altitude, temperature, humidity, and wind speed and direction.

Cameras on aircraft and satellites take pictures of clouds and the sea surface. Radiometers measure the amount of sunlight reflected from the tops of clouds. They also measure infrared radiation coming from different levels in clouds and the atmosphere and how much light can pass through clouds. Spectrometers measure chemicals in the atmosphere and in aerosols.

Instruments towed by ship measure temperature, saltiness, pressure, and chlorophyll content in the ocean. A special kind of sonar collects data on the speed and direction of ocean currents.

Dropsondes carry instruments that measure temperature, humidity, air pressure, and wind speed. They are dropped on small parachutes from airplanes. Image courtesy of UCAR.

Scientists use lots of instruments during the VOCALS field campaign. The instruments collect data about the atmosphere and the ocean. Some of the instruments are on satellites or airplanes. Other instruments are on ships or buoys in the ocean.

Radar measures wind speed and spots rainfall. It can also measure the sizes of water droplets in clouds. LIDAR is like radar but uses laser light instead of radio waves. LIDAR measures tiny aerosol particles and the "edges" of clouds.

Radiosondes and dropsondes carry instruments that measure pressure, altitude, temperature, humidity, and wind. They are lifted into the sky on balloons or dropped on parachutes from airplanes.

Cameras on airplanes and satellites take pictures of clouds and the sea surface. Radiometers measure the amount of sunlight reflected from cloud tops. They also measure infrared radiation coming from different levels in clouds and the atmosphere. They can find out how much light can pass through clouds. Spectrometers measure chemicals in the atmosphere and in aerosols.

Instruments towed by ship measure temperature, saltiness, and pressure in the ocean. A special kind of sonar collects data on ocean currents.